This is one of the great periods of Dakhleh history and the Dakhleh Oasis Project is excavating at three major settlement sites: Amheida, Mut el-Kharab and Ismant el-Kharab.

During this period the Oasis contributed cereals, oil and wine to the great Roman trading empire. Domestic, religious and funerary art incorporates both Egyptian and Roman motifs and a large number of texts are written in Greek. Coptic and Syriac texts indicate frequent links with the external world.

Many temples were established at this time, including at least seven in stone. A score of mudbrick temples were also built; they are at present largely unexcavated.

With all these settlements there are cemeteries which provide material from which physical anthropologists may obtain information about the history of diseases, ancient nutrition, population statistics, and many other details.